Notes: • • • • • Many deaths remain unverified due to mass burnings, bodies thrown into the sea, or burial in mass graves. Sectarian targeting remains a prominent driver, particularly against Alawite and minority communities. Widespread violence includes summary executions, targeted killings of families, and mass graves. General Security, Ministry of Defense forces, and affiliated militias were consistently implicated. Both rural and urban areas were affected, with villages emptied or forcibly renamed, and civilian infrastructure destroyed.